Decolonizing the French Antilles: A Historical Perspective

Integrating the Aftermath of French Colonialism

Sylvain Mary's "Décoloniser les Antilles ?" examines the unique decolonization path of Guadeloupe and Martinique, which became departments of France in 1946.

This unconventional integration aimed for equality but left unresolved questions about the status of these territories, revealing the complex transition from colony to department.

Departmentalization: Ambitions and Disillusionment

Departmentalization brought changes to island societies, but also raised concerns about the French state's actions in upholding republican values like equality.

The process left a contradictory legacy, fueling both aspirations and disenchantment.

The Role of State and International Interests

Mary's work emphasizes the international dimension of departmentalization, referencing diplomatic archives to analyze the impact of US and global geopolitical dynamics.

External influences shaped the process and its subsequent effects on the status of the French Antilles as overseas departments.

Chronological Analysis of French Intervention

The book follows a chronological structure that explores the French government's actions, including:

• 1946: Hasty decolonization by assimilation
• 1959: Gaullist "departmental order" to combat separatism
• 1970s: Political changes and partial overturning of the order
• 1981: Socialist reforms with limited change

Divergent Perspectives and Surprising Insights

The book provides insights into the interplay of actors and their sometimes surprising choices, including the rejection of "adapted regionalization" by local elected officials.

It highlights the profound impact of departmentalization on the collective imagination in the French Antilles.

From the Antilles to Mayotte: Lessons for the Future

Mary's analysis offers valuable lessons for understanding the ongoing debate over the relationship between overseas territories and the French state.

As Mayotte embarks on its path to departmentalization, the book serves as a timely reminder of the complexities and challenges involved in such processes.